References

  1. Philipp, S.F. (1998). African-American Perceptions of Leisure, Racial Discrimination, and Life Satisfaction. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 87(3 Pt 2):1418. DOI: 10.2466/pms.1998.87.3f.1418. PMID: 10052101.
  2. Philipp, S. (2000). Race and the Pursuit of Happiness. Journal of Leisure Research, 32(1), 121-124.
  3. Shinew, K. J., Floyd, M. F., & Parry, D. (2004). Understanding the Relationship between Race and Leisure Activities and Constraints: Exploring an Alternative Framework, Leisure Sciences, 26(2), 181-199, DOI: 10.1080/01490400490432109.
  4. Kahrl, Andrew W. (2008). The Political Work of Leisure: Class, Recreation, and African American Commemoration at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, 1881-1931. Journal of Social History, (42)1: 57-77.
  5. Philipp, S.F. (1998). African-American Perceptions of Leisure, Racial Discrimination, and Life Satisfaction. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 87(3 Pt 2):1418. DOI: 10.2466/pms.1998.87.3f.1418. PMID: 10052101
  6. Philipp, S. (1994). Race and Tourism Choice: A Legacy of Discrimination. Annals of Tourism Research, 21:479–488.
  7. Butler, D.L., Carter, P.L. & Brunn, S.D. (2002). African-American Travel Agents: Travails and Survival. Annals of Tourism Research, (29):1022–1035.
  8. Davidoff, P., D. Davidoff, and J. Eyre. (1995). Tourism Geography. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    The authors argue that Blacks and other minorities will usually will visit first areas of common heritage before venturing into the unknown.
  9. Walker, J. (1998). The History of Black Business in America: Capitalism, Race, and Entrepreneurship. New York: Macmillan Library Reference. Pp 254.
  10. Butler, D.L., Carter, P.L. & Brunn, S.D. (2002). African-American Travel Agents: Travails and Survival. Annals of Tourism Research, (29):1022–1035.
  11. Brundage, W. F. (2005). The Southern Past: A Clash of Race and Memory. Cambridge, Massachusetts.
  12. Clark, K. A. (2005). Defining Moments: African American Commemoration and Political Culture in the South, 1863-1913. Chapel Hill.
  13. Kahrl, Andrew W. (2008). The Political Work of Leisure: Class, Recreation, and African American Commemoration at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, 1881-1931. Journal of Social History, (42)1: 57-77.
  14. Foster, M. S. (1999). In the face of" Jim Crow": Prosperous Blacks and Vacations, Travel and Outdoor Leisure, 1890-1945. The Journal of Negro History, 84(2), 130-149.
  15. West, P. (1989). Urban region parks and black minorities: Subculture, marginality, and interracial relations in park use in the Detroit metropolitan area. Leisure Sciences, 11, 11-28.
  16. Philipp, S. F. (1999). Are we welcome? African American racial acceptance in leisure activities and the importance given to children's leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 31(4), 385-403. DOI:https://doi-org.wv-o-ursus-proxy01.ursus.maine.edu/10.1080/00222216.1999.11949873.
  17. Woodard, M. D. (1988). Class, Regionality, and Leisure among Urban Black Americans: The Post-Civil Rights Era. Journal of Leisure Research, 20(2), 87-105.
  18. Wolch, J., & Zhang, J. (2004). Beach Recreation, Cultural Diversity and Attitudes toward Nature. Journal of Leisure Research, 36(3), 414-443.
  19. Barr, K., Farrell, M., Barnes, G., & Welte, J. (1993). Race, Class, and Gender Differences in Substance Abuse: Evidence of Middle-Class/Underclass Polarization among Black Males. Social Problems, 40, 314-327.
  20. Green, E., Hebron, S., & Woodard, D. (1987). Leisure and Gender. London: The Sports Council and Economic & Social Research Council.
  21. Shinew, K. J., Floyd, M. F., McGuire, F. A., & Noe, F. P. (1996). Class Polarization and Leisure Activity Preferences of African Americans: Intragroup Comparisons. Journal of Leisure and Research, 28(4): 219-232.
  22. Shinew, K. J., Floyd, M. F., McGuire, F. A., & Noe, F. P. (1996). Class Polarization and Leisure Activity Preferences of African Americans: Intragroup Comparisons. Journal of Leisure and Research, 28(4): 219-232.
  23. Sigel, L. E. (1985). A Conceptual Analysis of Beliefs. In L E. Sigel (Ed.), Parental Belief System: The Psychological Consequences for Children (pp. 345-371). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  24. Goner-Edwards, A. E, & Edwards, H. E. (1988). The Black Middle-Class: Definition and Demographics. In A. F. Coner-Edwards & J. Spurlock (Eds.), Black Families in Crisis: The Middle-Class (pp. 1-10). New York. Brunner and Mazel.
  25. Mjagkij, Nina, ed. (2001) Organizing Black America: An Encyclopedia of African American Associations. New York: Garland.